Sleep Cycle Essay Example

Sleep Cycle Essay Its natural to blame sleep problems on stress or physical changes that come with age. But many cases of either sleeplessness or poor sleep are caused by a handful of specific problems, most of them fixable with lifestyle changes or the help of a doctor. Here, five little-known causes of sleep problems and what to do about them. 1. Light How it disrupts sleep: You probably already know that when you stay up late under bright lights, you interrupt your bodys natural sleep-wake cycle, because light tricks your brain into remaining in daylight mode. Less well known is that the light from computer screens and iPads shining directly into your eyes at close range is especially troublesome. Why? Part of the problem is that the light from these devices is at the blue end of the spectrum, which scientists believe is particularly disruptive to circadian rhythms. Blue light, although common during the day, doesnt occur naturally during the evening. Similarly, light shining in your eyes while you sleep even very small amounts coming from, say, a lighted clock makes your brain think its morning and emerge out of deep sleep. Darkness triggers production of the hormone melatonin, the hormone that triggers sleepiness and the onset of sleep. Light prevents this release or shuts it off. The evidence: Studies have long shown that shift workers and those who work late at night have poorer sleep and higher incidences of certain conditions associated with lack of sleep than those who regularly sleep eight or nine hours at night. A recent study published in Cancer Causes amp; Control, for example, found that the countries generating the most light at night have the highest incidence of breast cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And studies at the Light Research Center at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia have found that the use of computers, lighted readers, and TVs at close range is tied to a higher incidence of sleeplessness. Whos at risk: Everyone exposed to light shortly before bed or during sleep. Light is also bad for hearts, which need deep sleep to recharge. Surprising fact: Every year theres a spike in the number of heart attacks just after the start of daylight savings time in the spring. What to do: Dim the lights and turn off all lighted screens at least an hour before bed. If you use a reading light, make sure its not any brighter than necessary and doesnt shine in your eyes. Do a light police room check: Are there streetlights outside your windows? Use blackout curtains or shades and make sure they fit the windows tightly so no light seeps in around the edge. Charge laptops, phones, cameras, and other devices in another room. Use an alarm clock without a lighted dial, or turn it to face the wall. Keep a flashlight next to your bed and use it whenever you have to get up to use the bathroom or let the dog out and be careful to point it away from yourself so you dont look into the beam. Dont turn on an overhead light, and never use nightlights. If you must use a laptop, turn down the screen brightness as low as you can tolerate and prop the laptop as far away from you as your typing arms will reach. If you love eReaders, try a Kindle or other device with a screen thats not backlit. 2. Pain How it disrupts sleep: Just about any kind of pain signals sent by the brain jaw pain, headaches, back pain, or arthritis, for example disrupt sleep, lifting you from the deep, restful REM cycle into lighter sleep or causing you to sleep fitfully and partially wake up over and over, which experts call microarousals. The evidence: Surveys of chronic pain sufferers reveal that between 60 and 90 percent sleep poorly. But many dont realize that their pain is the cause of their poor sleep. This can become a vicious cycle, says Thomas Roth of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, because even partial sleep disruptions can increase sensitivity to pain. In other words, even mild pain causes poor sleep, which in turn leads to more pain. Whos at risk: Anyone who suffers chronically painful conditions such as arthritis, back or neck pain, jaw alignment problems, dental pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, or any other type of chronic pain. Note: The p ain doesnt need to be severe; studies show that even mild pain disrupts sleep. According to Roth, frequent microarousals can occur throughout the night without your being aware of them. The result is that you never attain deep REM cycle sleep and wake up feeling tired and grumpy, but you dont know why. What to do: Take steps to treat your pain proactively. Using over-the-counter pain relief is a start, but its always best to consult with a doctor and develop a comprehensive pain-relief program. For example, you may need physical therapy to combat back and neck pain, or migraine medication if your frequent headaches might be migraines. If bruxism (teeth grinding) or jaw clenching is leading to jaw pain, a mouth guard is often the solution. 3. Disrupted breathing How it disrupts sleep: When oxygen flow to the brain is interrupted, your brain sends a warning signal that wakes you up either fully or partially, causing fitful sleep or preventing deep, restful sleep. The result: You wake feeling like you didnt sleep well, even if you were out for nine hours straight. The best known version of this is apnea, which is a complete stoppage of breathing. A much more common and less recognized problem is upper airway resistance syndrome, or UARS. In UARS, structural blockages somewhere in the airway nasal congestion, your tongue falling back and blocking the back of the throat, or just having a smaller airway to begin with begin to interfere with the flow of air. What happens is that you wake up over and over again without knowing it, but the sleep interruptions last only a few seconds, too short to be detected by a standard sleep apnea test. The evidence: Even subtle levels of restricted breathing can lead to deep brain stimulation and arousals that prevent your ability to stay in deep sleep, says otolaryngologist Steven Park, an otolaryngologist and author of Sleep, Interrupted: A Physician Reveals the #1 Reason Why So Many of Us Are Sick and Tired. You dont realize youre waking up, but your brain wakes up, so its now in a light sleep. We see people who are waking up 100 times a night. Whos at risk: People who breathe through their mouths or have chronic congestion, such as from asthma or allergies. If you sleep more poorly on your back, this can be a sign of UARS, because when you sleep on your back your tongue is more likely to sink back and block the entrance to your throat. If you have a narrow face, a thin neck, or had extensive orthodontic work to correct a crowded jaw, youre likely to be at particular risk for UARS, says Park. What to do: Start with some self-tests. Try using pillows to keep yourself on your side, or put a tennis ball in the back pocket of pajama bottoms, so you cant sleep on your back. If your nose often feels stuffed up, you might find relief with breathing strips, available at the drugstore. Another option is to try is a device designed to hold the nostrils open; brand names include Nozovent and Breathe with Eez. A saline nasal spray works for many people. If you have congestion due to seasonal allergies, try an antihistamine. (But if you take one that can act as a stimulant, such as Claritin or Sudafed, dont take it too close to bedtime. ) If none of these help, ask your doctor to refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, who can evaluate whether youre a candidate for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), a nasal mask that delivers air directly through your airways. An ENT can also determine whether tongue position is causing your UARS, in which case a dental device that pushes the jaw and tongue forward can help. For many people, losing a few pounds can be the ticket to better sleep, since excess weight is linked to all kinds of breathing problems, including UARS, snoring, and sleep apnea. 4. Medications How they disrupt sleep: Medications sometimes have side effects that trigger sleeplessness or interfere with deep sleep. Most common culprits: asthma medications, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants. Also, many ingredients in common medications act as stimulants. They may cause jitteriness during the day and trigger sleeplessness or prevent deep sleep at night. Example: Bronchodilators like albuterol and salmeterol, commonly used to treat asthma, bronchitis, and COPD, can amp you up and interfere with sleep, yet patients are often directed to use them at the end of the day. Other common medications that can interfere with sleep include SSRIs, such as Prozac and Paxil, and beta-blockers taken for high blood pressure and heart disease. Sometimes medications sabotage your sleep indirectly. Diuretics, for example, can interfere with sleep by causing you to use the bathroom at night. Tagamet (generic name cimetidine), taken to control reflux and ulcers, can cause sleeplessness, especially when combined with caffeine or other medications. Like many side effects, sleeplessness from medications can affect some people but not others; Propecia, used to treat hair loss, and the antihistamine loratadine (brand name Claritin) are both known to cause sleeplessness in a percentage of those who take them. Some people react to opioid pain medications with rebound sleeplessness, feeling sleepy at first but then waking up and being unable to get back to sleep. The evidence: Although every medication is tested for side effects during the FDA approval process, in many cases evidence of side effects mounts over time as a drug enters more widespread use. Albuterol has been widely reported to cause restlessness, nervousness, and sleeplessness. An article in the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology also found that beta-blockers interfere with melatonin release. Recent studies have found that Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, and other SSRIs affect sleep in a significant number of patients. If youre using an antidepressant, be sure to talk to your psychiatrist about any possible sleep problems and ask about alternative antidepressants if this is an issue. Whos at risk: Those taking regular medication for a chronic condition such as asthma, depression, high blood pressure, or pain. A medication that you take once is less likely to cause an ongoing sleep issue because you take it for a short period of time and are more likely to notice the side effect. When you have a chronic condition, youre more likely to attribute any sleep problems to the condition rather than the treatment. What to do: Any time youre prescribed a new medication, ask the doctor to discuss in detail all side effects you should be alert to. Its always a good idea to ask both the doctor and the pharmacist, How will this medication affect my sleep? Because some medications cause sleepiness, some interfere with sleep, and some do both, asking the question in an open-ended way will get you the most information. 5. Depression How it disrupts sleep: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of depression, yet many people dont realize how closely related depression and poor sleep can be. Depression wreaks havoc with your natural biological rhythms; many people with depression have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, and they oversleep or get fatigued and nap during the day. Yet their sleep is fitful and of poor quality, so despite spending more hours ostensibly sleeping or trying to sleep, they dont feel well rested. Then at night, depression sufferers often have trouble maintaining a regular bedtime routine. Having slept late in the morning or napped late in the day, they may not feel sleepy. Anxiety, which often accompanies depression, may cause excessive late-night worry that contributes to sleeplessness. The evidence: Because the relationship between depression and insomnia is a chicken-and-egg cycle, experts have studied it from both directions. Psychological studies have found that a high proportion of those with depression suffer from either sleeplessness or disrupted sleep, and a recent study by the University of Maryland found that 40 to 60 percent of people Sleep Cycle Essay Example Sleep Cycle Essay Its natural to blame sleep problems on stress or physical changes that come with age. But many cases of either sleeplessness or poor sleep are caused by a handful of specific problems, most of them fixable with lifestyle changes or the help of a doctor. Here, five little-known causes of sleep problems and what to do about them. 1. Light How it disrupts sleep: You probably already know that when you stay up late under bright lights, you interrupt your bodys natural sleep-wake cycle, because light tricks your brain into remaining in daylight mode. Less well known is that the light from computer screens and iPads shining directly into your eyes at close range is especially troublesome. Why? Part of the problem is that the light from these devices is at the blue end of the spectrum, which scientists believe is particularly disruptive to circadian rhythms. Blue light, although common during the day, doesnt occur naturally during the evening. Similarly, light shining in your eyes while you sleep even very small amounts coming from, say, a lighted clock makes your brain think its morning and emerge out of deep sleep. Darkness triggers production of the hormone melatonin, the hormone that triggers sleepiness and the onset of sleep. Light prevents this release or shuts it off. The evidence: Studies have long shown that shift workers and those who work late at night have poorer sleep and higher incidences of certain conditions associated with lack of sleep than those who regularly sleep eight or nine hours at night. A recent study published in Cancer Causes amp; Control, for example, found that the countries generating the most light at night have the highest incidence of breast cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And studies at the Light Research Center at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia have found that the use of computers, lighted readers, and TVs at close range is tied to a higher incidence of sleeplessness. Whos at risk: Everyone exposed to light shortly before bed or during sleep. Light is also bad for hearts, which need deep sleep to recharge. Surprising fact: Every year theres a spike in the number of heart attacks just after the start of daylight savings time in the spring. What to do: Dim the lights and turn off all lighted screens at least an hour before bed. If you use a reading light, make sure its not any brighter than necessary and doesnt shine in your eyes. Do a light police room check: Are there streetlights outside your windows? Use blackout curtains or shades and make sure they fit the windows tightly so no light seeps in around the edge. Charge laptops, phones, cameras, and other devices in another room. Use an alarm clock without a lighted dial, or turn it to face the wall. Keep a flashlight next to your bed and use it whenever you have to get up to use the bathroom or let the dog out and be careful to point it away from yourself so you dont look into the beam. Dont turn on an overhead light, and never use nightlights. If you must use a laptop, turn down the screen brightness as low as you can tolerate and prop the laptop as far away from you as your typing arms will reach. If you love eReaders, try a Kindle or other device with a screen thats not backlit. 2. Pain How it disrupts sleep: Just about any kind of pain signals sent by the brain jaw pain, headaches, back pain, or arthritis, for example disrupt sleep, lifting you from the deep, restful REM cycle into lighter sleep or causing you to sleep fitfully and partially wake up over and over, which experts call microarousals. The evidence: Surveys of chronic pain sufferers reveal that between 60 and 90 percent sleep poorly. But many dont realize that their pain is the cause of their poor sleep. This can become a vicious cycle, says Thomas Roth of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, because even partial sleep disruptions can increase sensitivity to pain. In other words, even mild pain causes poor sleep, which in turn leads to more pain. Whos at risk: Anyone who suffers chronically painful conditions such as arthritis, back or neck pain, jaw alignment problems, dental pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, or any other type of chronic pain. Note: The p ain doesnt need to be severe; studies show that even mild pain disrupts sleep. According to Roth, frequent microarousals can occur throughout the night without your being aware of them. The result is that you never attain deep REM cycle sleep and wake up feeling tired and grumpy, but you dont know why. What to do: Take steps to treat your pain proactively. Using over-the-counter pain relief is a start, but its always best to consult with a doctor and develop a comprehensive pain-relief program. For example, you may need physical therapy to combat back and neck pain, or migraine medication if your frequent headaches might be migraines. If bruxism (teeth grinding) or jaw clenching is leading to jaw pain, a mouth guard is often the solution. 3. Disrupted breathing How it disrupts sleep: When oxygen flow to the brain is interrupted, your brain sends a warning signal that wakes you up either fully or partially, causing fitful sleep or preventing deep, restful sleep. The result: You wake feeling like you didnt sleep well, even if you were out for nine hours straight. The best known version of this is apnea, which is a complete stoppage of breathing. A much more common and less recognized problem is upper airway resistance syndrome, or UARS. In UARS, structural blockages somewhere in the airway nasal congestion, your tongue falling back and blocking the back of the throat, or just having a smaller airway to begin with begin to interfere with the flow of air. What happens is that you wake up over and over again without knowing it, but the sleep interruptions last only a few seconds, too short to be detected by a standard sleep apnea test. The evidence: Even subtle levels of restricted breathing can lead to deep brain stimulation and arousals that prevent your ability to stay in deep sleep, says otolaryngologist Steven Park, an otolaryngologist and author of Sleep, Interrupted: A Physician Reveals the #1 Reason Why So Many of Us Are Sick and Tired. You dont realize youre waking up, but your brain wakes up, so its now in a light sleep. We see people who are waking up 100 times a night. Whos at risk: People who breathe through their mouths or have chronic congestion, such as from asthma or allergies. If you sleep more poorly on your back, this can be a sign of UARS, because when you sleep on your back your tongue is more likely to sink back and block the entrance to your throat. If you have a narrow face, a thin neck, or had extensive orthodontic work to correct a crowded jaw, youre likely to be at particular risk for UARS, says Park. What to do: Start with some self-tests. Try using pillows to keep yourself on your side, or put a tennis ball in the back pocket of pajama bottoms, so you cant sleep on your back. If your nose often feels stuffed up, you might find relief with breathing strips, available at the drugstore. Another option is to try is a device designed to hold the nostrils open; brand names include Nozovent and Breathe with Eez. A saline nasal spray works for many people. If you have congestion due to seasonal allergies, try an antihistamine. (But if you take one that can act as a stimulant, such as Claritin or Sudafed, dont take it too close to bedtime. ) If none of these help, ask your doctor to refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, who can evaluate whether youre a candidate for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), a nasal mask that delivers air directly through your airways. An ENT can also determine whether tongue position is causing your UARS, in which case a dental device that pushes the jaw and tongue forward can help. For many people, losing a few pounds can be the ticket to better sleep, since excess weight is linked to all kinds of breathing problems, including UARS, snoring, and sleep apnea. 4. Medications How they disrupt sleep: Medications sometimes have side effects that trigger sleeplessness or interfere with deep sleep. Most common culprits: asthma medications, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants. Also, many ingredients in common medications act as stimulants. They may cause jitteriness during the day and trigger sleeplessness or prevent deep sleep at night. Example: Bronchodilators like albuterol and salmeterol, commonly used to treat asthma, bronchitis, and COPD, can amp you up and interfere with sleep, yet patients are often directed to use them at the end of the day. Other common medications that can interfere with sleep include SSRIs, such as Prozac and Paxil, and beta-blockers taken for high blood pressure and heart disease. Sometimes medications sabotage your sleep indirectly. Diuretics, for example, can interfere with sleep by causing you to use the bathroom at night. Tagamet (generic name cimetidine), taken to control reflux and ulcers, can cause sleeplessness, especially when combined with caffeine or other medications. Like many side effects, sleeplessness from medications can affect some people but not others; Propecia, used to treat hair loss, and the antihistamine loratadine (brand name Claritin) are both known to cause sleeplessness in a percentage of those who take them. Some people react to opioid pain medications with rebound sleeplessness, feeling sleepy at first but then waking up and being unable to get back to sleep. The evidence: Although every medication is tested for side effects during the FDA approval process, in many cases evidence of side effects mounts over time as a drug enters more widespread use. Albuterol has been widely reported to cause restlessness, nervousness, and sleeplessness. An article in the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology also found that beta-blockers interfere with melatonin release. Recent studies have found that Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, and other SSRIs affect sleep in a significant number of patients. If youre using an antidepressant, be sure to talk to your psychiatrist about any possible sleep problems and ask about alternative antidepressants if this is an issue. Whos at risk: Those taking regular medication for a chronic condition such as asthma, depression, high blood pressure, or pain. A medication that you take once is less likely to cause an ongoing sleep issue because you take it for a short period of time and are more likely to notice the side effect. When you have a chronic condition, youre more likely to attribute any sleep problems to the condition rather than the treatment. What to do: Any time youre prescribed a new medication, ask the doctor to discuss in detail all side effects you should be alert to. Its always a good idea to ask both the doctor and the pharmacist, How will this medication affect my sleep? Because some medications cause sleepiness, some interfere with sleep, and some do both, asking the question in an open-ended way will get you the most information. 5. Depression How it disrupts sleep: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of depression, yet many people dont realize how closely related depression and poor sleep can be. Depression wreaks havoc with your natural biological rhythms; many people with depression have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, and they oversleep or get fatigued and nap during the day. Yet their sleep is fitful and of poor quality, so despite spending more hours ostensibly sleeping or trying to sleep, they dont feel well rested. Then at night, depression sufferers often have trouble maintaining a regular bedtime routine. Having slept late in the morning or napped late in the day, they may not feel sleepy. Anxiety, which often accompanies depression, may cause excessive late-night worry that contributes to sleeplessness. The evidence: Because the relationship between depression and insomnia is a chicken-and-egg cycle, experts have studied it from both directions. Psychological studies have found that a high proportion of those with depression suffer from either sleeplessness or disrupted sleep, and a recent study by the University of Maryland found that 40 to 60 percent of people

buy custom Obligations to Help the Poor essay

buy custom Obligations to Help the Poor essay An Ethical dilemma refers to a complex condition that involves mental conflict between different moral imperatives in which individuals are unable to choose one without inflicting or transgressing another. Ethical dilemma can also be referred to as an Ethical paradox because it plays a central role in debates concerning ethics especially in moral philosophy. Ethical dilemmas are mostly used to reject an ethical system as well as the worldview that results from it. In most of the societies, reasoning is always guided with rationality; each and every person is expected to carry out himself or his activities in a given manner. Philosophy plays a significant role in shaping the moral behavior of people in a given society. People have always to consider issues pertaining reasoning and logic; that for one to make a decision he/she has to think clearly, exceptionally well and clarify the whole issue plus weighing the consequences of his stand on the welfare of those around him/her. Ethical studies are truly fundamental in our lives as the society members because it tends to deepen our reflection on the key aspects and questions of life. It is also essential in the sense that it helps us to think better about morality as we are able to make moral judgments and decisions of which we can be held accountable. Ethical studies have been credited for sharpening general thinking of individuals because it enables them to learn essential intellectual skills, which enable them to think rigorously about fundamental questions surrounding their lives, they are able to understand and evaluate conflicting issues with ease. The dilemma here refers to the conflicting ideology or agenda between individuals and society, at large; this might be the case where the ethics held by individuals fail to fully comply with the moral standards set by the society. The society might expect people to go an extra mile and do certain things of which the individuals might not be able to accomplish due to their personal constraints; when such a situation is observed then it may be argued that there is an ethical dilemma. Ethical dilemma may also refer to a situation where individuals are indifferent between achieving their own personal objectives and helping the society to achieve its goals. The dilemma experienced in this case is that the society members especially the rich have to meet their own individual needs but the society expects them to help their poor collogues who are less fortunate; the dilemma is, should the rich carter for their own needs at the expense of the poor or should they extend a helping hand to the poor. This is a conflict that the society has to address in a fair and human manner, the poor have to be helped but the rich should not be left to bear the entire burden, mechanisms have to be put in place to help the poor despite the conflict at hand. Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism refers to the argument that holds bad and good that are relative to culture; that for something to be referred to as good, it must be socially approved in a given society or cultural setting. Peoples moral obligations must be strictly based on the norms of the society; the society may dictate its members moral obligations in a given way. For our case, we have to look for ways on how to address the problems encountered by the poor people in the US. Here, the society has the obligation of improving the living conditions of its poor members; it has to make each, and everybody to e responsible in uplifting the economically less fortunate individuals, the contradiction is that individuals want to improve on their own personal welfare regardless of what others are undergoing. The society views individuality as unethical measure and calls for individualism where people, who are wealthy have to come up and distribute part of their wealth to the less fortunate individuals. The system of cultural relativism has some weaknesses accompanied by it; a key among them is that the principle forces individuals to conform to societys obligations irrespective of the individuals personal stands. This is unfair as it denies individuals a chance to carry out their issues according to their wishes. Another thing is that cultural relativism cannot always be true in the sense that something can be socially approved, but it is not good according to the individuals. Subjectivism Subjectivism argues that moral judgments describes how people feel that for something to be viewed as bad or good the individuals concerned might have felt it. It goes a step further to propose that moral judgment shows how we may feel if we were totally rational. Idealism refers to a situation where an individual has supreme moral wisdom; a person who is fully informed and who is believed to have a lot of concern for everyone. The principles of subjectivism and idealism are very helpful in any given society since moral judgment can help the individuals in that society to help those who are poor by applying the moral principles of helping the needy. Idealism is of great help when it comes to addressing the plight of the poor in the US since the rich individuals, who are well informed and have impartial concern for their poor fellows can come in and offer substantial help. For the poor, to receive adequate help, the society has to be informed fully about the situation, feel the situation and develop an impartial concern for those individuals so as to help them. This means that the two principles can be of great help to the poor citizens of the US. Just like any other strategies or ideologies, the subjectivism tends to have a number of shortcomings that includes the following; the condition of impartiality is substantially unclear since it does not stipulate the limits of peoples concern, people ask that should they be concerned about the issues of their close relatives or total strangers? The idea of being fully informed seems to be unrealistic since it means that people have to access an infinite amount of knowledge, which is a rear situation in the real world, and it even doesnt make sense to conclude that if people are well informed they will tend to have the desire. Supernaturalism Supernaturalism is an argument that argues that moral judgment represents Gods will; here people tend to believe that, what the society perceives to be morally significant is the manifestation of Gods desire. When it comes to relating it to the plight of the poor in the US, it shall imply that the society has a moral responsibility to help the poor individuals because it views it as the desire or wish of God. People will respond by helping their colleagues to improve their lives as a result of the supernatural circumstances surrounding the whole issue. It is difficult for the non-believers to agree with the society about the issues pertaining to supernaturalism (Goudena et al, 23). Golden Rule This rule argues that we must treat others the way we would expect them to treat us; this is a very human argument because we never know what tomorrow holds for us and so we should always be willing to help others; this can be used by the rich people in the US to help their poor countrymen. The rule requires empathy and appreciation of future consequences of our current actions; people might not be more concerned about the future because they feel that they have enough wealth to see them through the future. Consequentialism It requires us to do things that lead to good results/outcomes for the whole society; this means that the people of America will decide to help their poor counterparts to move out of poverty traps. The major disadvantage of this approach is that it is difficult to determine the consequences of a given initiative early enough, before giving it a try. Non-Consequentialism This implies that individuals have to help others in the society without necessarily looking at what they will achieve in return or what the consequences shall be. Here the poor can be helped to overcome their challenges easily because the wealthy members of the society are not concerned about the consequences of their initiatives. The weakness of this principal is that it fails to incorporate the effects of help to the helpers; helpers must establish the cost benefit analysis of their aid (Maxi et al, 292). Aristotles Ethics of Virtue Aristotle argues that man is a rational being and that virtue is between two extremes; the rationality and virtue can be very significant in propelling people to respond to the plight of the poor. One of the limitations of this principle is that we are imperfectly irrational, and at times, the inconsistency of will can occur (Kiehil, 56). Natural Law It refers to a tradition that views basic moral laws as objectives based on the nature and knowledge through natural human; this can be of great help to the poor because people views it as their responsibility to help others. The law is non-consequential in nature and may be subjected to the same shortcomings like those affecting the latter (Green, 67). According to Alan Saars, the disadvantage tends to have structural interests that are negative with the status quo of which once they are assumed, will eventually lead to social change. Thus, the less fortunate are viewed as agents of change rather than objects that the rich shall feel sympathy for. The information is obtained from Sears, A, (2008). A Good Book, In Theory: A Guide to theoretical Thinking. Virtual Printers. Interviewed Dr. Tom who is one of the leading philosophers and Critical thinkers; I wanted him to clarify how the ethical dilemmas can be avoided in our contemporary societies and he responded that the way out is to address the inequality by transforming the existing relations in the society. He drew his statement from following book: Malcolins, J. (2011). Society, Sociology. New York. Prentice Hall. Conclusion Have observed the issues pertaining the ethical dilemma and the plight of the poor in the US, I can confidently argue that it is the responsibility of the federal governments to put measures in place that shall improve the lives of the poor rather than depending on the society. Buy custom Obligations to Help the Poor essay

Toxic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toxic Culture - Essay Example izational Culture, I will agree with Guthries position basing on the fact that it’s the leaders responsibility to create and shape the organizations culture (Guthrie, 2014). A study by Lin and McDonough (2011) clearly identifies that leadership has a direct influence on organization culture. The study shows that leaders cannot directly influence an organizations productivity; however, they can directly influence the organizations culture, which has a direct influence on the organizations productivity. Although in the beginning the leader is solely responsible for creating an organization culture, the culture starts to evolve with time and partly influences the organizations leadership. However, a leader who clearly understand the basic ideas of leadership and strives to help the organization achieve its goals should never claim ignorance of what is happening under their nose. They should understand that they are in control; therefore, their task is to constantly monitor the change in their organizations culture. That is to say if ‘the organizations culture turns toxic’ they should be responsible for condoning it since that is their responsibility. Guthrie, D. (2014, January 16). Whos to Blame for Creating a Toxic Organizational Culture? Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/dougguthrie/2014/01/16/whos-to-blame-for-creating-a-toxic-organizational-culture/ Lin, H. E., & McDonough, E. F. (2011). Investigating the role of leadership and organizational culture in fostering innovation ambidexterity. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, 58, (3): 497-509. Malby, B. (2007). How does leadership make difference to organizational culture and effectiveness? Retrieved from Nothern Leadership Academy:

Organizational culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational culture - Essay Example It is very important for an organization to change their cultures from time to time in order to become adaptable to the changing environment of business and to continue operating successfully. An organization that has a culture that is always ready to change experiences ambiguous environment, in such organizations, individuals do not know what kind of changes will take place and when changes will take place. In such conditions, it is very important for the organization to have leaders who can handle the change scenario. It is widely believed that an organization that is following a single culture has higher chances of being successful. Though, it is just a myth, because organizations competing in the 21st century have to change with changes in technology and way things are done. If organizations stick to the same system for a longer period of time, they might not be able to compete with those who are accepting change and operating according to changes in the environment (Cummings 521 &

A museum visit to autry museum los angeles and its relation to class Essay

A museum visit to autry museum los angeles and its relation to class - Essay Example This showed not only the basics of what occurred at this time, but also represents and observes the past of how things were. The vastness of the land, as well as the cowboys desires to chase the large animals were two of the concepts which I immediately noticed. This was followed by observations of the hand made tools, hats and other artifacts which were important to the cowboys. The significance was based on how each of the men had to change their level of innovation to try to settle and build a specific life, while having the sense of dominance over a specific piece of land. This led to the noticed cowboy movies that were also represented, which held this same ideal and continued to show the mindset of cowboys that were settling in the West. The representation of cowboys after the 1900s that is seen in the exhibition is one which is seen to link to the myth of the cowboy. The representations of the cowboy outfits, paintings of the salon girls and the guitars also represent this ide ology. The concept of movies such as â€Å"The Lone ranger† and the idolized cowboy are highlighted in these particular areas, specifically with reference to what the cowboys became.

Database Design of Healthcare Management System

Database Design of Healthcare Management System CHAPTER THREE SYTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 3.0 INTRODUCTION Hospital and healthcare services in general are round-the-neck communities with scores of staff, patients and systems that need constant monitoring and integration with each other. They are demanding places where situations change suddenly and rapid responses are essential. For this reason a fully integrated communications strategy and system is vital to maintain high levels of service and care for patients for mutual gains. In this chapter, discussion would be based on the existing system. First, the existing system would be compared with proposed system. Secondly, the weakness and drawbacks of the existing system shall also be discussed 3.1 INVESTIGATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM The current procedure of accessing healthcare is running on paper operating in â€Å"batch modes distributed medical data is less than l00% accurate and will in turn limit the accuracy in the medical symptom, diagnosis and treatment in emergency cases within the health sector. Poor information storage or the complete lack of it in some cases. Poor collaborative forecasting methods leading to slow order turnaround treatment for patients in dire need of these services Poor management decision in critical rescue period. When doctors needs any records the admin/nurse fetches patients file details in know what kind of problem they are complaining about The current system does not give room for proper accounting, planning, management of resources you cannot even integrate it with the current accounting system No existing or current reports module to help management for proper planning, decision taken, for future plans of the hospital FIG. 3.0 The data flow diagram for the current system 3.2 CRITIQUES OF EXISTING SYSTEM The drawbacks of the existing system are: Inability to have accurate inventory status report It is cumbersome and time-consuming to track patients The general lack of ability to generate instance patients medical history reports on all will affect doctors performance and treatment rate Lack of proper handling of medical records Too much paper materials involved and this results into unnecessary costs Insecurity of Records Workers safety is not guarantee 3.2.1FEW ADVANTAGES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM The existing current system has the following advantages: It is easier for everyone to use specially people that are not computer literate It is cheaper for hospitals because there will be no need to procure computer hardware and software for Asset Management 3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system will take advantage of information technology tools and capabilities to enhance and automate medical information management for all staff and patients alike. The proposed system will improve system functionalities and bring new capabilities to hospital information management controls 3.4 BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROPOSED SYSTEM This section outlines the general and functional features mandatory for the applications proposed. Functional Module Requirements; Each hospital observed operates the following high level processes and the system must cater for the following: 3.4.0FAMILY MEDICINE This is a modules designed to keep every record relating to patients. This module contains two features which include: (i) Find a patient record; the patient record is a form which contains every information about: the patient the patient next of kin information service payment option, and employment information (ii) New patient registration; It creates an avenue to enable the record, the treatment given, the clinic been referred to, the mode of payment, etc to be properly stored and retrieved. 3.4.1HUMAN RESOURCES This is a list that contain the names of the personnel (user name) assigned to operate a specific module. The human resources are of two folds namely; Personnel manager; It is a list that contains the details about the management Staff of various departments. Recruit new personnel; this is a form that ensures that newly recruited personnel information is been stored. 3.4.2SCHEDULE The schedule describes the appointment directory. It shows all appointment schedules between calendar months. Admission Centres; These environment comprise of Waiting list Ward, Ward occupancy and bed Nurses list Report and history Waiting List; It shows the list of patients to be admitted to various wards. Nurses List; It is a list that shows the details of the nurses staff and their department. Report and History; It is a list that shows all discharged patients in a particular ward. 3.4.3PHARMACY Pharmacy is a module that contains two major features namely: pharmaceutical centre and stocks management. The pharmaceutical centre has two folds namely: pending orders and pharmaceutical index. While the stock management has eight folds namely: warehouse stocks, stock diary, category management, products management, stocks movement, patients’ order history, stock movement history and diary history. Pending Order; These gives room for the user to view/access the pending orders. Pharmaceutical Index; This enables the user view all pharmacy stock items. To find a stock, entre the barcode and click on find. Ware House Stock; This is an integral part of the stock management designed to view all current warehouse stock. To find a stock: Entre the barcode and click on find. Stock Diary: This is a function of stock management designed to enter the new stock diary. To enter the new stock diary: 3.4.4SPECIALTY CLINIC This is a module that gives information about the various clinics and the patients been referred there. This is of two folds; Pending referred patients, and Find a patient 3.4.5TOOLS AND ENQUIRIES Tools and enquiry is a module that ensures an access to view service fees, telephone directory, and current admitted patients. Service Fees Environment: view service fees environment enables you to view all configure service fees which include service name, amount, department, allow HMO. Telephone Directories: Telephone directories are an environment which enables you to view all phone directories both previous and next record. Current Admitted Patients; The environment enables you to have an access to currently admitted patients details both previous and next record. 3.4.6ACCOUNT AND FINANCE This is a module design to enable one keep and retrieve all information relating to account and finance. This module has six basic features which include: Pending receivables, expenditures, daily cash book, bank account, service fees, reports Pending Receivables; This is an environment that enables you to have an access to pending service fee payments. An environment will be displayed in which the menu bar at the left hand side of the page headed account/ financial mode contains six departments namely: pending receivables, expenditure, daily cashbook, bank accounts, services fees and reports. This enables a user to view and receive pending service payment. Expenditure; It enables users to record new expenditure. Daily Cash Book; It enables user to post cashbook for all department. Bank Account; It enable user to manage bank account. It shows all banks and balance details. It also creates a room for the addition of a new bank account. Service Fees; It enables user to view all service fees/charges Report; It enable user to view financial reports such as the receivable reports, expenses reports and cashbook reports between calendar months. 3.4.7SYSTEM This is an environment designed to enable an individual have access to: system usage logs, user’s rights access control, backup HMS database. System Usage Logs; This is an integral part of system which shows the various event date, event performed, user IP address, event time and department accessed. Users Rights And Access Control; This is an environment designed to show all system users account. Category Management; This enables the user to manage stock category. Product Management; This enables the stock details to be managed. Stock Movement; This aid in the movement of stock from ware house to store, this operation is performed simply by filling in the blank spaces provided and clicking on perform movement. Stock Movement History; This helps to view all stock movement history. it shows stock / item name, batch ID, units moved, the date and notes. Dairy History; This helps to view all stock dairy history. My Account Information; This is a menu bar located at the left hand side and it is accessible in every module. It comprises of: waiting list appointment, my usage / access logs, personal data, change password, and log out from HMS. My Waiting List/ Appointment; this is a waiting list designed to view all appointments and schedules. My Usage/ Access Logs; this enables one to view all system usage history. Click on usage / access logs at the left hand side of the menu bar to view all system usage history. At the top right hand corner is next and previous, click on the next and previous to view the next and previous system usage history. This enables the system administrator to have an overview of the various event date, the event performer, event performed, the user IP address, the event time and the department accessed. 3.4.8PERSONAL DATA This enables an individual to view and update his personal information such as: Name, DoB/Age, Gender, Hospital/Clinic Registration Number, Occupation, Addresses, Telephone Number, Stage of Origin, Religion, Next of Kin information and Date. Patient Bio Data; A form which contains the information of the patient, next of kin information, and employment information will be displayed. Medical Record; As the name implies, it deals with the patient’s medical history. 3.5START-OFF THE PROJECT The project implantation will be done using: Dreamweaver Software PHP Programming language Java script MySQL Database server XAMP server Microsoft Window 7 OS 3.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM It will help management to better monitor patients registration in the system Periodic accident and injury analysis can now be carried out Patients health history can now be monitored Very fast and accurate therefore reduce administrative overheads Maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage Eliminate obsolete business processes Speed up hospital production and responsiveness to incidents It will facilitates treatment of patients as patients history can now easily be retrieved from the system Because it is web based patients last update medical information csn be retrieved even if the patient goes to another hospital. It will give the doctors options of referring patients to other doctors completely automated It will allow hospital Management can plan better and make accurate and informed decisions 3.7 DISADVANTAGE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM It will lead to unemployment Its only good for those that are computer literates, Nurses and doctors may not be familiar with the technology It may cost more money and infrastructure investment on the part of management Nurses and doctors are unfamiliarity with technology Hackers may ultimately be able to penetrate system despite security precautions System can be attacked by computer viruses Power failure 3.8 SYSTEM DESIGN Overview of the System; Information/system requirement gathered during the time of carrying out the functional specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation requirement and network requirements identified during the initiation and planning phases was put into good use during the design of the application. This project is planned at developing a web-enabled Healthcare information management system (HIMS). 3.8.0FACT FIDING AND REQUIREMENT DISCOVERY This chapter actually presents the method0logy that was used in this study. The methodology chosen followed the already tested and commonly used approach in software engineering and software development life cycle. Actually three key areas were used to get requirement for the Patients medical information system project. The first method was that a review of internet materials related to patient were carried out, I also tried to review specific platform of related design project to ascertain the specific language/platform to use for development of the application. The second most logical direct gathering of information from the hospital visited and used in the study (University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH)). It must be quickly pointed out that the tools used in this case were interviewing of staff, observations of passive ways of these things and simulations of different scenarios. The third method of the requirement gathering was by studying the existing applications presently used and we were then able to understand what is lacking in the present system, what needed to be done and we were then after able to fix a time frame (SCOPE) for the project 3.8.1SYSTEM REQUIREMENT MODELLING An object oriented programming was used for the design of the application. In view of this, and in view of the fact that I intend to design an application that will be user friendly and easily accessible. I feel a web enabled application will be more appropriate since we are not talking of a windows application that will just be installed on a client machine in the office. We therefore focused on planning, which included defining our target audience, purpose, objective, application usage, population and finally application development. The look and feel of the application were considered, navigation browser type validations tools were all analyzed and most importantly client/server architecture was also considered. 3.9APPLICATION ARCHITETURE AND MODEILING Developing a web application requires locus and determined effort on the part of the practitioner in meeting people needs The decision for accomplishing this was based on components based model with a linear approach to application development Specification and decisions objective were into account for example issues like meeting the applications purpose and aim and functionalities. The steps used here acted as an overall development methodology and life cycle which were also dependent upon available tools, time line, and user willingness to be involved in the final testing of the system. Implicit in the methodology adapted was the concept of bringing the Patients medical information system refining the application/system based on user feedback 3.10 DESIGNS INPUT The registration form be was designed as such that it will include all information required about the patients. The following is incorporated into the form: Important fields These are fields that must be filled because they are necessary information need. Return dialog box- This is used to guide against the input of wrong data or format in some fields especially the compulsory fields. A sample of patient record been patient record interface is shown below 3.11FLOW CHAT DIAGRAM OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3.12DATABASE DESIGN OF THE HEATLHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3.12.0 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL Entity Relationship Diagram: A representation of data Entity-relationship modeling is a database modeling method, used to produce a type of conceptual schema of a system, often a relational relationship, and its requirements in a top down fashion Diagrams created by this process are called entity-relationship diagrams, ER diagrams or ERDs. Also it can also be defined as a specialized graphic that illustrates the interrelationships between entities in a database ER diagrams often use symbols to represent three different types of information. Boxes re commonly used to represent entities. Diamonds are normally used to represent relationships and ovals are used to represent attributes. 3.12.1OVERVIEW According to CHEN (Wikipedia), information system design uses these models during the requirements analysis to describe information needs or the type of information that is to be tored in a database. The data modeling technique can be used to describe any ontology (i.e. an overview and classifications of used terms and their relationships) for a a certain area of interest. In the case of the design of an information system that is based on a database, the conceptual data model is, at a later stage (usually called logical design), mapped to a logical data model, such as the relational model; this in turn is mapped to a physical model during physical design. An entity may be a physical object such as a customer transaction or order. Although the term entity is the one most commonly used, following Chen, we should really distinguish between an entity and entity-type. An entity-type is a category. An entity, strictly speaking, is an instance of a given entity-type. There are usually many instances. 3.12.2 WHAT LEAD TO ER DIAGRAM Once the data has been created in the database the ER diagram will show the relationship between each table created they all have to link to each other. It could be one to many relationship, many to many or one to one relationship, there is always a unique field in the system and in this case it is the patients registration number identifying the patients anywhere in the system. We can retrieve the patient’s records once this registration number generated during registration is known.

Graduation Speech: Take Off Your Masks :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

What an honor to be standing here tonight as a representative of the Class of 2012! It's truly remarkable. We have all worked very hard to complete this part of our journey. I want to thank my kids Laddie, and Mate. And especially Ron, my loving companion. Without the support of our families, friends, fellow-classmates, instructors and staff, we wouldn't have made it this far! Let's show 'em our appreciation. These three certificates I'm receiving tonight represent a lot more to me than achievement of success. They are the keys that unlocked the door to a whole new world of possibility that I never new existed. I'd like to begin with an Arabian proverb: Strange how much you've got to know, before you know how little you know. Two years ago, I was a single mother of four, with a learning disability and 15 years of sobriety. I began experiencing anxiety attacks so I ceased operation of a non-profit organization I founded and ran for 10 years called the Family Support Network. Even though I had received a number of prestigious awards and been recognized nationally for my work, I resigned myself to being a clerical assistant for the rest of my life. Though I had dreamed of going to college, it was simply out of the question. It was at this juncture in my life that something happened that I initially perceived as a tragic event, but it turned out to be a turning point in my life. The mask I wore for so many years that covered my fears and insecurities about myself was removed, and I finally had an explanation for my quirky behaviors. One day I collapsed on the job and was hospitalized - not in a regular hospital but in a psychiatric hospital. The doctors diagnosed my symptoms as post traumatic stress disorder. In addition, I was also diagnosed with a mood and anxiety disorder. My self-esteem and outlook on life was at an all time low. It was at this point I hit bottom - and to my surprise this became the beginning of my journey to fulfill my destiny. My doctor in her infinite wisdom suggested I supplement my therapy by taking classes in mental health and chemical dependency here at the college. I'm sure by now you are wondering why I am sharing such intimate details about myself. My intent is to inspire and challenge you at the same time.

Role of the Regulatory Body Essay

The parents of Anjum a little girl who is new to your setting moved to England only 3 months ago. Yours is the first setting that they have used for 18 month old Anjum. They have very little understanding of the legislation covering home based childcare or the role of the regulatory body. Consider 4 pieces of legislation that are important for home based childcarers and how you would outline these to Anjum’s parents? How would you go about outlining the 4 different roles of the regulatory body to Anjum’s parents? Relevant Assessment Criteria: 1.1 Outline the current legislation covering home based childcare and the role of regulatory bodies Legislation The most influential legislation comes from the 2004 Children Act, this act arose from the Green Paper ‘Every Child Matters’, the most relevant parts of this legislation for yourselves with regards to Anjum are: Be healthy Stay Safe Enjoy and Achieve Make a positive contribution I will explain to you both how the above relates to Anjums whilst in my care. Be Healthy We will spend a lot of time outside this will allow Anjum to become more physically thus mentally healthy. All snacks and drinks will always be healthy, thus promoting a healthy lifestyle. Stay safe My home environment is safe for Anjum thus preventing accidents to the best that I can. It is a stable environment for Anjum to grow up in, he will be cared for in all regards. Protected from maltreatment, neglect, violence, sexual exploitation and safe from bullying and discrimination. Enjoy and Achieve I will prepare Anjum for school, she will be encouraged to achieve personal and social skills whilst enjoying recreation time. Make a positive contribution Anjum will be encouraged in decision-making throughout the day whilst considering her environment, an example of this would be not to drop litter when we are going for walks. All children in my care will be encouraged to form positive relationships, they will be guided with regards treating their peers on an equal footing to each other, and there will be no bullying and/or discrimination. I will develop self-confidence and good behavior. Role of the Regulatory Body (Ofsted) Ofsted are an independent and impartial service who report to the Government bodies. They inspect all services that provide education to children and young people. Ofsted help to improve our standards for you children. Registration / Inspection Ofsted undertake checks on my household members, such as police records, this is to protect you child from being around people that are a potential danger to children. Ofsted ensure I hold a valid first aid certificate, which shows that I have suitable training in first aid procedures if required at any point. I have signed to say I have agreed to meet a set of requirements set out by Ofsted. I will provide you with my certificate if you require me to, this will show you any conditions of registration that apply to myself. Investigation I will keep a record of any complaints and I will share the results of any investigations with any of my parents if requested by yourself or others. If you have any complaints or concerns that I am not meeting the requirements of registration, you can contact Ofsted directly. Enforcement Ofsted have the powers to ensure that I am providing the requirements and conditions that are stipulated, if I am not they can enforce further conditions and requirements, these are all in place to protect your child and provide the best care possible. If you have any problems with regards to the service I provide you, you can get in contact with Ofsted and report your concerns. Policies and Procedures Accidents Illness and Emergencies Policy Statement: It is my statutory duty to safeguard the children in my care, the safety of your child and any child within my care is paramount at all times. Every measure will be taken at all times to protect your child and any other child from injuring themselves or others. Unfortunately accidents, children become ill and a situation can arise that becomes an emergency and as such please find below the procedure that will be followed if a situation develops. Procedure As a registered child minder I will ensure the following points that relate to a situation are carried out: Once assessment of the injury has taken place I will seek medical help. If medical help is required they are then other requirements that I will follow; I will inform Ofsted under Standard 14.3 and inform my insurance company. If required I will carry out first aid for which I have got the nesseccary training for. Comfort will be given to the child at all times. Contact will be made with yourselves as soon as practically possible. A note will be entered within the accident book, I will ask you to sign the book and then provide you with a copy for your records. Current insurance that I am covered with allows me to carry out certain procedures. If I find myself in a situation which is unfamiliar to myself, I will either contact the child’s guardian/parent or seek medical advise via the doctors of the emergency services. Any procedures or requirements to administrate medication will require a signature from the guardian/parent. Unfortunately medication is required to be given, if this is the case I would ask you to keep me up to date, especially if you have to medical advice. Unfortunately accidents do happen, if this is the case I would ask you to keep me up to date, especially if you have to seek medical advice. Behaviour Policy Statement: It is my statutory duty to encourage children in my care to behave, showing respect to others and themselves at all times. Procedure As a registered child minder I will encourage the children follow the following points which will set a good standard of behaviour for all children: Children will be encouraged to say please and thank you. Children will be made aware of all boundaries and reminded when necessary. Children will be encouraged to listen, understand and follow instructions, I will also listen to all children, asking for their ideas. Children will be encouraged not use bad language. Children will be encouraged to respect each other and property. Children will be encouraged to help with planning the day and activities. I will give praise for all good behaviour. I will give 15 mins, 10 mins and 5 min warnings to end each activity. Parents will be asked to remind their children of the rules whilst in my care. Safeguarding Policy Statement: It is my statutory duty to safeguard the children in my care, ensuring their welfare and all other children. Procedures that I will follow are set by the local safeguarding Children’s board. Procedure: As a registered child minder I will: I will look out for signs of neglect, child abuse both emotionally and sexually. If I have reason to believe that any child in my care is being abused in any way I will report the matter to the Duty Social Worker for Leicestershire Social Services, Child protection Team. Under these circumstances I will not be able to keep information relating to your child confidential, but will need to share it with Ofsted, Social Services and the  Police if requested. Please see the Leicestershire Guidelines protection of child minders, this will be followed by myself on all accounts. I will undertake training via the local council regarding safeguarding and protecting children. Equal Opportunities Policy Statement: It is my duty to give all children in my care the opportunity to undertake all activities and encourage them to reach their full potential. I will encourage equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practices for all children. Procedure: As a registered child minder I will achieve this by: Adapting the activities if required for the children to reach their full potential. I will provide additional help and support if required for children to reach their full potential. All toys within my home will be for both sexes, toys will reflect positive images of children and people from different cultures and abilities. I will acknowledge all relevant legislation. No child in my care will be discriminated against in anyway, whether for their skin colour, culture, gender, ability or religion. I will challenge any remarks that I feel are inappropriate. I will teach children in my care about different cultures and religions, I will use books, puzzles and / or toys and I will cook with the children different types of food to relate to our learning. I will be looking at special festivals and dressing up to represent these. I will encourage children to respect each other, their differences and their needs. I will encourage children and their parents to collect any materials, take photos of any events they attend, this will enable a show and tell. I will not discriminate against any children or parents on the basis of race, age, sexuality, class and or family status. I will act if a child or parent uses any language that is inappropriate.

Boston Tea Party essays

Boston Tea Party essays The Boston Tea Party was one of the greatest rebellions in the United States history. The Townshend Revenue Act was installed in 1767 as a last resort to rise the revenue from the American colonies. This act was created by the British Parliament due to close of the Seven Years War. Its author, the president of the Board of Trade, Charles Townshend had laid this plan to scheme colonial taxation aside. In September 1767 Townshend died suddenly and Lord North succeeded him. Tensions grew in Boston over the tax on tea and several boycotts had been tried. Patriots were distress and started to organize protests and attacks. Samuel Adams, Alexander McDougall, Charles Thompson, and Paul Revere some of the first and principal patriots that were involved in the organizations that sprung up in Boston. The Sons of Liberty as they were called did several things in the fight for independence. The Dartmouth was the first tea hauling vessel to dock in the Boston Harbor. On December 2, the second tea filled vessel, the Eleanor docked at Boston Harbor. The third tea ship from the East India Company, the Beaver, was transporting smallpox so it was docked off of Rainsfords Island to be cleaned and smoked. It finally joined the other ship on December 15. Another English tea ship, the William, was due to come in but the vessel had come ashore at Cape Cod with salvable payload but the vessel was totally lost. The Dartmouth and the Eleanor were both carrying 114 chests of tea from the East India Company. And the Beaver was carrying 112 chest of tea. The three ships carried all together 342 chests of tea, about 90,000 pounds, worth about 9,000 pounds sterling. On December 16, 1773 some of the men who were involved with the organization divided up into three groups and dressed as Indians. All together there was thirty to sixty Indians or Mohawks as they were called. Revere led the group ...

Free Essays on Critical Review

Critical review of an article from The Guardian 18th December 2003 The article I’m reviewing comes from The Guardian 18th December 2003. Headed â€Å"Chirac calls on MP’s to ban headscarves†. A journalist called Paul Webster wrote this article. Briefly this piece is explaining the situation in France regarding President Chirac wanting to ban headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs from state schools. The tone of the article appears to be factual. It does, however seem to be a biased article in favour of the ban. There isn’t much criticism of the President and his decision for legislation regarding this. The French Council of the Muslim Faith is said to have called this a â€Å"disastrous† decision. Although the article says that the President is calling for legislation regarding headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs the focus of this piece is mainly the headscarves issue. There is an opinion poll mentioned, taken the previous day but it doesn’t actually state where this poll was taken or the cross section of people/religious backgrounds polled. The writer states this poll gave a result of 69% in favour of President Chirac’s decision regarding headscarves and religious signs in schools and public services and â€Å"opposed the introduction of public holidays to celebrate Muslim and Jewish feasts†. Paul then goes on to say that two thirds of the leftwing and National Front (rightwing) voters approved, as did 75% of the centre-right. This proposal is documented as â€Å"the most popular reform the President has sponsored since he was first elected in 1995†. â€Å"Discreet signs† of religious affiliation would be allowed, signs such as the hand of Fatima, the star of David, and the cross depending on the size – which would be determined by parliament. The writer then goes on to speak about President Chirac’s 35-minute address to an â€Å"invited audience† – presumably invited ... Free Essays on Critical Review Free Essays on Critical Review Critical review of an article from The Guardian 18th December 2003 The article I’m reviewing comes from The Guardian 18th December 2003. Headed â€Å"Chirac calls on MP’s to ban headscarves†. A journalist called Paul Webster wrote this article. Briefly this piece is explaining the situation in France regarding President Chirac wanting to ban headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs from state schools. The tone of the article appears to be factual. It does, however seem to be a biased article in favour of the ban. There isn’t much criticism of the President and his decision for legislation regarding this. The French Council of the Muslim Faith is said to have called this a â€Å"disastrous† decision. Although the article says that the President is calling for legislation regarding headscarves and other â€Å"conspicuous† religious signs the focus of this piece is mainly the headscarves issue. There is an opinion poll mentioned, taken the previous day but it doesn’t actually state where this poll was taken or the cross section of people/religious backgrounds polled. The writer states this poll gave a result of 69% in favour of President Chirac’s decision regarding headscarves and religious signs in schools and public services and â€Å"opposed the introduction of public holidays to celebrate Muslim and Jewish feasts†. Paul then goes on to say that two thirds of the leftwing and National Front (rightwing) voters approved, as did 75% of the centre-right. This proposal is documented as â€Å"the most popular reform the President has sponsored since he was first elected in 1995†. â€Å"Discreet signs† of religious affiliation would be allowed, signs such as the hand of Fatima, the star of David, and the cross depending on the size – which would be determined by parliament. The writer then goes on to speak about President Chirac’s 35-minute address to an â€Å"invited audience† – presumably invited ...

Internet Impacts the Mental Health of its Users Negatively Essay

Internet Impacts the Mental Health of its Users Negatively - Essay Example Critics admit that the Internet communication has a negative impact on mental health of its users because of impersonal nature of messages and increased time spent by users in front of their PCs (Barnes, 32). Thesis Americans are overly dependent to the Internet because they cannot imagine their life without online communication; without these devices many people become helpless and vulnerable in modern world. The Internet communication has a negative impact on mental health of users because of online phobias experienced by many users. People constantly need to communicate in order to support goal-directed behavior, problem solving, and decision making. Once again, these personal aims and individual needs are reflected in the questions that the Internet users ask as they complete tasks. On the other hand, the goals and communication needs of a person are central to any device that explains question generation. The introduction of computer-based shopping via the Internet provides manufacturers with a cheap and effective way of reaching their customers directly. As the technical problems are overcome, and the issues about the security of transactions and money transfer are resolved, it seems likely that direct selling from the manufacturer will grow exponentially. In spite of great benefits andopporuntities proposed by online communication, it ad... eplace existing channels of communication (such as providing a website that looks) but from exploiting the virtual possibilities that the Internet brings to add value to communication. The Internet connects people from different geographical areas and allows them to communicate faster than any time before. While the population that can be addressed by conventional physical sales and marketing is constrained by geography, that of the Internet is constrained by the number of people who both have access to it and make active use of it (these not necessarily being the same thing). Estimates of the number of people who use the Internet vary widely, although a consensus seems to be emerging that currently tens of millions of people do indeed use the Internet. What there is no disagreement about is the type of people who use the Internet. At the moment (and this will change as the user-base of the Internet expands), they are predominantly young, under the age of about 40, male and relativel y wealthy (Barnes, 65). "Depression was found to be an independent psychiatric symptom factor that influenced Internet addicts compared with intermittent addicts when the demographic and Internet-related factors were adjusted for" (Hall and Parsons 165). Modern society overly depends to the Internet paying more attention to advantages and opportunities of these technologies rather than its harmful and negative impact on their lives. The Internet works with primary causes of change as the basis for creating new tactical options dependable to anticipated environments. The Internet concept withstands new social changes. It provides efficient performance under all likely environments to enable flexible modification to coming changes. Thus, dependency on technology results in powerlessness and

Ambiguilty and meaning in the Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad Essay

Ambiguilty and meaning in the Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad - Essay Example No, not very clear" (21). There are several sub-meanings in the novel that can be interpreted in several ways. The story in itself was narrated in a non-conventional way that there was a story within a story adding to the ambiguity of the narrative. But the most prominent ambiguity in the novel is moral ambiguity because its standard and application in the novel was uncertain that it is difficult to tell what constitutes right and wrong, good and evil because these standards were unclear and not easily understood in the novel. One of the most prominent ambiguity in the novel is Kurtz and the circumstances about him. Marlow first heard about Kurtz during a meeting with the accountant of the Company on his way to Congo making him a subject of a subject in a novel or a story of a story as Marlow, the protagonist of the story narrates about him. At first Marlow was somewhat impressed by the reputation Kurtz as he was described as â€Å"very remarkable person† (37) in the novel. Bu t as the novel progresses and as more information was revealed about him, his character becomes blurry that it is difficult to describe his circumstances. ... And perhaps being a novel, maybe device some unusual way to extract vengeance from him for his brutality. But no, he was strangely revered by the natives and was even treated like a god. In his deathbed, natives even surrounded him when Marlow paid Kurtz a visit. And even he felt kinship with the natives that the attack on Marlow’s boat was made with the prodding of Kurtz as revealed by the Russian trader so that Kurtz will not be found and perhaps, to be left alone with the natives. These circumstances blur the logical sequence of morality that you will be hated if you harm people. Instead, Kurtz seemed to be adored by the natives whom he used to slaughter for ivory. The use of words and description of places is also ambiguous that made the novel quite difficult to understand. Congo which is a part of Africa and Africa in general was referred to as the real heart of darkness as the title of the novel suggests but it is also described to be not as dark and gloomy as the coloni sts place such as London and Belgium. This run counters to the common view that we are accustomed with that Africa was supposed to be uncivilized and therefore darker and the Europeans which were supposed to be educated and civilize were supposed to be the bearer of light. But this was negated in the narrative because it was Europe that was darker and not the heart of darkness which was Congo. Here, the standard of what is morally desirable is blurred because the place that was assigned to be the heart of darkness was not after all darker but in fact better than Europe which we used to think as civilized. The ending of the novel was also ambiguous.